To all my beloved students, I am sorry that I can't be having extra classes with you in school although I would love to as many of you would be busy preparing for the SPM exam. However, I will be posting some tips as to which topics to focus on based on the analysis that I did months ago. Make sure that you know the following topics. If you do, then I can guarantee you a 1A!
Form 4
Osmosis - pickling of fruits, plasmolysis/deplasmolysis, crenation/haemolysis, hopotonic/hypertonic/isotonic solution
Active transport - ATP, against conc. gradient, fertilisers/ions uptake
Plasma membrane - Fluid Mosaic Model, phospholipid bilayer, permeability
Enzymes - Key-And-Lock Model, active site, temperature & pH effects, examples of enzymes with their applications
Mitosis/Cell Cycle - G1 and S phases, prophase to telophase, cloning of sheep, plant tissue culture (explant-sterilise-nutrient media-callus-subculture-roots/shoots-clone)
Meiosis - prophase I (synapsis, cross over, chiasmata, homologous chromosomes), variation
...to be continued
I am sorry guys for the very late update as I have been going to school to try to go online but the 'dut' network 'dut dut'. Now I am at Mentor using my TESCO computer and internet (see, Wei Ken, Tesco stuff is good leh...)
Balanced diet - daily energy requirement, malnutrition, digestion of fats and carbohydrates, absorption in ileum, assimilation of absorbed nutrients (glucose and amino acids), cow (4 chambers) vs rabbit (caecum)
Selective breeding - Pisifera/Dura/Tenera, genetic engineering (insulin/oil spill)
Respiration - aerobic vs anaerobic, muscles/yeast, grasshopper/fish, gas exchange in alveolus
Ecology - food chain/web, trophic level (energy flow), abiotic factor, interactions (symbiosis, etc)
Colonisation - swamp profile, species names, adaptations of mangrove trees
Pollution - air & water, global warming (CO2, heat), acid rain (SO2, NO2), ozone depletion (CFC), causes/effects/solutions
FORM 5
Human heart - pulmonary vs systemic, pacemaker, SA & AV nodes, valves, baroreceptors (blood pressure control), fish/frog hearts
Blood clotting
Lymphatic system - body defence, antibodies (3rd line), artificial acquired active immunity (vaccination), graph
Plant transport - xylem, support, transpiration, sclerenchyma/collenchyma/parenchyma/aerenchyma
Movement - limb, muscles, joints, antagonistic muscles, worm/grasshopper, good posture
Nervous system - medulla oblongata, spinal cord, reflex action/arc, neurotransmitter, synapse, involuntary action/autonomic nervous system
Endocrine system - vs Nervous, role of hypothalamus, pituitary gland (GH, TSH, ADH)
Kidney - glomerulus (ultrafiltration), absorption of glucose and a.a. in PCT, absorption of water throughout the tubules, absorption and secretion of ions by active transport, formation of urine (cold vs hot weather or water intake), ADH (water reabsorption), aldosterone (salt reabsorption), insulun (regulation of blood glucose level, diabetes mellitus)
Skin - regulation of sweat formation, arterioles, sweat gland, erector muscles, shivering, adrenal & thyroid gland
Flight & fight situation - adrenaline
Sexual reproduction - spermatogenesis, meiosis, fertilisation, implantation, placenta, ABO group, twin
Menstrual cycle - FSH vs LH, growing follicle, ovulation, eostrogen vs progesterone, corpus luteum
Plant reproduction - formation of embryo sac in ovule, double fertilisation, egg + male gamete = zygote (2n), endosperm (3n)
Plant growth - zone of division/elongation/differentiation, primary vs secondary growth, apical vs lateral meristem, secondary xylem
Mendel's First Law - monohybrid cross, diagram (label all levels), genotypic ratio (1:2:1), phenotypic ratio (3:1), alleles
Sex-linked diseases - colour blindness/haemophilia, Mendel's first law
Gene - DNA-RNA-Polypeptides (transcription/translation), DNA double helix, nucleotides, A-T-G-C, codons, gene mutation, DNA fingerprinting
Variation - continuous vs discontinuous (graph, examples), gene/chromosomal mutation, independent assortment/cross over/random fertilisation, environmental factors (light, temp, pH, nutrients) mutagens (radiation, chemicals)
Well, I know it looks like you have to read the entire syllabus, that's for sure! I am just trying to tell you to focus more on these, and I assume that you have already studied all these before Trial 2. Well, if you haven't, then that's too bad. You can go and watch 'Star-lite Big Road' now!
The ones that I highlighted in RED are the ones that I targeted la. 5 stars!! Good Luck!
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